![]() This federal statute, which regulates the cleanup of toxic waste sites, was hurriedly passed by a lame-duck Congress and signed by lame-duck president JIMMY CARTER in December 1980. § 9601 et seq.), is a piece of lame-duck legislation. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), also known as Superfund (42 U.S.C.A. Thus, lame-duck sessions can spawn hastily written legislation, and the finished product may be of dubious quality. For example, if a certain party stands to lose the presidency or governorship and seats in the new legislature, that party may seek to push through a few last pieces of legislation. They also may be conducted for political purposes. Lame-duck sessions may be called to pass emergency legislation for the immediate benefit or protection of the public during November or December. ![]() Also, a lame-duck president or governor has the power to call a lame-duck session. The legislature may elect to reconvene on a certain date, to adjourn at the call of the chair of either house or both houses, or to adjourn sine die (without planning a day to reconvene). The issue of whether to conduct a session between mid-November and early January is usually decided by a vote of the legislators in office during the last session before the election. In fact, if many of their members will be new in the next legislative session, the idea of their defeated lawmakers voting on legislation may be criticized by the public-especially by those who voted for the incoming legislators. Legislatures do not have to conduct lame-duck sessions. Thus, from the day after election day in November until late December, retiring and defeated legislators have time to pass more legislation. Incoming legislators assume office that day, and outgoing legislators leave office that day. Constitution, the Senate and the House of Representatives must convene on January 3 each year. On the federal level, under the TWENTIETH AMENDMENT to the U.S. When a legislature assembles between election day and the day that new legislators assume office, the meeting is called a lame-duck session.
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